When Polytron became the first Indonesian company to produce
4G-capable smartphones last year, it changed the 'Manufactured in China'
inscription on its handsets to 'Made in Kudus,' a town in Central Java.
Polytron relocated production from China to comply with
'local-content' rules introduced in 2012. The regulations have raised concerns
about higher manufacturing costs and hung question marks over an industry
championed by the Indonesian government.
The United States has pressed Indonesia to relax the rules,
which it says will hamper efforts of tech giants such as Apple Inc to expand
into one of the world's last big markets where use of smartphones has yet to
truly take off.
Assembling far from China's electronics supply chain means
it costs up to 50 percent more to manufacture a mobile phone in Indonesia,
according to Polytron, a smaller player among local phone brands.
"Honestly, we are doing it because of the regulation,
to be in compliance," Polytron spokesman Santo Kadarusman told Reuters.
The government ramped up enforcement of the rules last year.
The regulations are part of a push under President Joko Widodo to transform
Indonesia from an economy that consumes products into one that produces them,
in his attempt to boost economic growth and eliminate the country's trade
deficit.
Most mobile phones sold in Indonesia are made in China.
There was no phone manufacturing industry in Indonesia until last year when 15
companies submitted plans to the Industry Ministry to start production. Among
them was Samsung Electronics Co Ltd, which opened a factory near Jakarta.
The regulations require importers of smartphones to
manufacture in Indonesia or have their import licenses revoked by 2016 or 2017,
depending on when they received their license.
The ministry is working on a new regulation targeting 4G
smartphones. It is expected to be completed in June and come into force on Jan.
1, 2017. The rule will require all companies that sell 4G-capable devices, including
Apple and Samsung, to produce a certain percentage of 'local content' in
Indonesia.
Apple did not immediately respond to requests to comment on
the local content rule. Samsung declined to comment.
It is unclear as to whether this regulation will replace
existing requirements or how local content will be measured.
Indonesia needs a bigger share of the $3 billion in annual
phone imports to reduce its trade deficit, said Minister for Communications
Rudiantara, who like many Indonesians goes by one name. "This phone is
$600-$700, so we want $250-$300 of that to go to Indonesia," he said,
pointing to his iPhone.
LOCAL CONTENT
Local content could include design through intellectual
property fees in addition to manufacturing of handsets, Rudiantara said. He
declined to give further details on the way the percentage of local content
would be calculated.
Around a fifth of local content would have to be research
and development, meaning companies would need to have a design development
center in addition to manufacturing, said Industry Minister Saleh Husin.
Critics of the 'Made in Indonesia' rule, including the
American Chamber of Commerce, say the requirement is confusing and could
increase costs, restrict access to technology and violate World Trade
Organization (WTO) obligations.
The U.S. Trade Representative is raising these concerns with
the Indonesian government and the WTO.
But Polytron is optimistic about the move, and expects its
mobile division to make its first profit since it started in 2011 by the end of
the year.
"Our support from the government is the promise that
other 4G brands cannot sell in Indonesia if local content is not 30 percent.
Polytron is already at 35 percent. If Polytron gets to 40 percent local
content, [the government told us] there is a possibility the local content
requirement will go to 40 percent," Polytron spokesman Kadarusman said.
He declined to comment on how the local content percentage
was calculated.
Rudiantara said that after hearing of complaints, he was
"undecided" on whether the required local content would be 40
percent, which he previously told companies. He planned to release a draft of
the regulation in mid-April to give companies time to raise concerns.
He said higher costs would make it difficult for Indonesia
to compete purely on manufacturing, but hoped his switch to include research
and development would help.
"I'm not crazy. Ministers should have nationalism, but
not chauvinistic nationalism," Rudiantara said. "If Indonesia
competes only on producing hardware, it's going to be difficult."
source:http://www.reuters.com/